INTERCHANGE IN PARTS OF SPEECH
By using suffixes, we can change one part of speech into another one.
1. INTERCHANGE: VERB-NOUN-ADJECTIVE-ADVERB
2. INTERCHANGE: VERB-NOUN-ADJECTIVE
4. INTERCHANGE: NOUN-ADJECTIVE-ADVERB
5. INTERCHANGE: NOUN-ADJECTIVE
6. INTERCHANGE: ADJECTIVE-ADVERB
SUFFIXES - USED TO CHANGE INTO NOUN
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SUFFIXES - USED TO CHANGE INTO VERBS
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SUFFIXES - USED TO CHANGE INTO ADJECTIVES
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SUFFIXES - USED TO CHANGE INTO ADVERBS
RULES FOR SPELLINGS WHILE ADDING SUFFIX
Rule 1
When adding the suffixes -ness and -ly to a word, the spelling of the word does not change.
Examples:
- dark + ness = darkness
- scholar + ly = scholarly
Exceptions to Rule 1
When the word ends in y, change the y to i before adding -ness and -ly.
Examples:
- ready + ly = readily
- happy + ness = happiness
Rule 2
When the suffix begins with a vowel, drop the silent e in the root word.
Examples:
- care + ing = caring
- use + able = usable
Exceptions to Rule 2
When the word ends in ce or ge, keep the silent e if the suffix begins with a or o.
Examples:
- replace + able = replaceable
- courage + ous = courageous
Rule 3
When the suffix begins with a consonant, keep the silent e in the original word.
Examples:
- care + ful = careful
- care + less = careless
Exceptions to Rule 3
Examples:
- true + ly = truly
- argue + ment = argument
Rule 4
When the word ends in a consonant plus y, change the y to i before any suffix not beginning with i.
Examples:
- sunny + er = sunnier
- hurry + ing = hurrying
Rule 5
When the suffix begins with a vowel, double the final consonant only if (1) the word has only one syllable or is accented on the last syllable and (2) the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.
Examples:
- tan + ing = tanning (one syllable word)
- regret + ing = regretting (The accent is on the last syllable; the word ends in a single vowel followed by a single consonant.)
- cancel + ed = canceled (The accent is not on the last syllable.)
- prefer + ed = preferred
EXERCISES
A---Complete the sentences by writing the correct prefix in the blank space. You can use a dictionary to help you.
4. I saw Allison just a moment ago, but now I can't find her! It seems that she _____appeared!
5. Oh, I'm sorry, I didn't hear you correctly. I _____understood you.
6. The subway does not go over the land like a normal train. It moves _____ground.
B---Put the words in brackets in the appropriate form (use prefixes or suffixes):
1. He was acting in a very ________________way. (child)
2. She looked________________ . She started to cry. (happy)
3. He passed his exam. He was ________________for the second time. (succeed)
4. The team that he supported was able to win the________________. (Champion)
5. I couldn't find any ________________in his theory. (weak)
6. He wants to be a________________when he grows up. (mathematics)
7. There were only an ________________of people at the match. (hand)
8. The road was too narrow, so they had to ________________it. (wide)
9. I think that you should ________________your decision. It may not be the best thing to do. (consider)
10. You need ________________of motivation, organization, and hard work to realize your dreams. (combine)
C--- write correctly the forms of the words with their suffixes.
1. refer + ed
2. refer + ence
3. mope + ing
4. approve + al
5. green + ness
6. benefit + ed
7. resubmit + ing
8. use + age
9. greedy + ly
10. excite + ment
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