VERB: INTRODUCTION AND TYPES

Generally, verbs are called action words. They describe an action, feeling, and state of being. Verbs help us in many ways. These tell us about -

1. An action
2. An occurrence
3. A state
4. Tenses 
5. Feelings etc

Types of verbs

A.  FINITE VERB

(Action verbs may function as finite verbs

 stative verbs may function as finite verbs

linking verbs may function as finite verbs

auxiliary verbs may function as finite verbs)

Features of The action verb that has four forms (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and ....ing) and describes the tense is called a finite verb. Secondly, when we translate any sentence in Hindi, a finite verb is found at the end of the sentence.

A finite verb is affected by numbers (singular/plural) or tenses.

Examples-

1. She goes to the market.             (1st form+es)                       (Present Tense)
2. They go to the market.              (1st form)                             (Present Tense)
3. You went to the market.            (2nd  form)                           (Past Tense)
4. She was very happy.                  (be  form)          (singular)   (Past Tense)
5. They were happy.                      (be  form)          (Plural)       (Past Tense)
6. They are happy.                         (be  form)                             (Present Tense)

Note 1.  'go' is changed (Go, goes, and went) according to tense hence in this sentence it is a                finite verb.

          2. 'be' is changed (was, were, are) according to tense and number; hence it is a finite verb.

TYPES OF FINITE VERBS

A verb that is changed according to tenses or numbers or persons is called a Finite verb. If any action verb or stative verb is changed according to tenses or numbers or persons, it is called a Finite verb. Other than these, the to-be verb or linking verb, or auxiliary verb is also a finite verb. Finite verbs are of many types-

1. Lexical verb/Main verb/Principal verb
• Action verb/Dynamic verb
• Non-action verbs/Stative verb
• Linking verb
2. auxiliary verb/helping verb
• to-be form
• to have form
• to do form

A.2- NONFINITE VERBS

(Action verbs may function as nonfinite verbs

 stative verbs may function as nonfinite verbs

Few linking verbs may function as nonfinite verbs)

The verb that is not used in a sentence to give an idea of any tense, is called a nonfinite verb. It may work as a noun or adverb or adjective but not as a verb that's why it is also called a pseudo-verb. 

Any action or stative verb that is not affected by numbers (singular/plural), persons (first, second, and third), or tenses, is called a non-finite verb.

1. She goes to the market to buy clothes.                                   (1st form)    
2. They went to the market to buy clothes.                                 (1st form)
3. We go to the market to buy clothes.                                        (1st form)

1. Dinesh goes to the market with a broken helmet.                    (3rd  form)       
2. You went to the market with a broken helmet.                         (3rd  form)   
3. You go to the market with a broken helmet.                             (3rd  form) 

1.  My brother goes to the market taking flower baskets.             (....ing form) 
2. They went to the market taking flower baskets.                       (....ing form)       
3. We go to the market taking flower baskets.                              (....ing form)    

TYPES OF NONFINITE VERB

According to the function and forms, action/stative verbs are divided into three types of nonfinite verbs-

1. Gerund
2. Infinitive
3. Participle
• Present Participle
• Past Participle
• Perfect Participle