TENSES

 Tenses

1.      Present Tense

2.      Past Tense

3.      Future Tense

Each of the three above-mentioned tenses can further be divided into the following subdivisions-

a.      Simple

b.      Continuous

c.      Perfect

d.      Perfect Continuous

आगे दिए गए नियमों को पढ़ने से पहले वीडियो  देखें ताकि TENSES को अच्छी तरह से समझ सकें। 

ये वीडियो 'किस Tense का प्रयोग कब और किसलिए किया जाता है' के बारे में है। इसे समझे बिना Tense का सही प्रयोग  नहीं किया जा सकता। 

V1-FIRST FORM OF VERB

V2 -SECOND FORM OF VERB

V3-THIRD FORM OF VERB

 

1. Present

1. A Simple Present Tense

1.A.i. For Singular

Subject + V1 + s/es + Object Subject + does not+ V1+………. Does+ Subject+V1+ ……………? QW +does+ Subject+V1+ ……………?

 

Examples-

1.      My younger brother speaks Hindi fluently.   

2.      My younger brother does not speak Hindi fluently.   

3.      Does My younger brother not speak Hindi fluently?   

4.      Why does My younger brother not speak Hindi fluently?   

1. A.ii For Plural Subject

Subject + V1 + Object Subject + do not+ V1+………. Do+ Subject+V1+ ……………? QW +do+ Subject+V1+ ……………?

 

Examples-

1.      They love Italian food.     

2.      They don’t love Italian food.     

3.      Do they love Italian food?     

4.      When do they love Italian food?     

1.B. Present Continuous Tense

1.B.i. For Singular Subject

Subject + is + V1 + ing + object Subject + is +not+ V1 + ing + object Is + Subject + V1 + ing + object? QW+ is + Subject + + V1 + ing + object?

Examples-

1.      She is writing a novel.       

2.      She is not writing a novel.       

3.      Is she writing a novel?       

4.      What is she writing?    

1.b.ii. For Plural Subject, ‘I’ and ‘you’

Subject + are+ V1 + ing + object Subject + are+ not+ V1 + ing + object Are+ Subject + V1 + ing + object? QW+ are+ Subject + + V1 + ing + object?

Examples-

1.      They are writing a novel.  

2.      They are not writing a novel.  

3.      Are they writing a novel?  

4.      What are they writing?   

1. C. Present Perfect Tense

1.C.i. For Singular Subject

Subject + has + V3 + Object Subject + has + not + V3 + Object Has + Subject + V3 + Object? QW +has + Subject + V3 + Object?

Examples-

1.      He has learnt English.  

2.      He has not learnt English.  

3.      Has he not learnt English?  

4.      When Has he learnt English?  

1.C.ii For Plural Subject

Subject + have + V3 + Object Subject + have + not + V3 + Object Have + Subject+ V3 + Object? QW +have + Subject + V3 + Object?

Examples-

1.      They have given a speech.   

2.      They have not given a speech.   

3.      Have they given a speech?   

4.      Where have they given a speech?   

1.D. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1.D.i. For Singular Subject

Subject + has been + V1 + ing + Object + ....Since/for.. time. Subject + has not been + V1 + ing + Object+ … Since/for.. time. Has + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for….. time.? QW + has + Subject + been + V1+ ing + Object +  Since/for.. time.?

Examples-

1.      He has been learning German since 25th March 2021.  

2.      He has not been learning German for 1 year.  

3.      Has he been learning German for 2 months?  

4.      Why has he been learning German since 14th July?  

1.D.ii. For Plural Subject

Subject + have been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for….. time. Subject + have not been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for.. time. Have + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + .. Since/for….. time.? QW + have + Subject + been + V1ing + Object +.. Since/for.. time.?

Examples-

1.      He has been learning German since 25th March 2021.  

2.      He has not been learning German for 1 year.  

3.      Has he been learning German for 2 months?  

4.      Why has he been learning German since 14th July?  

2. Past Tense

2.A. Simple Past Tense

Subject + V2 + Object Subject + did not + V1 + Object Did + Subject + not + V1 + Object? QW + did + Subject + not + V1 + Object?

Examples-

1.      My younger brother learnt Hindi quickly.   

2.      My younger brother did not learn Hindi quickly.   

3.      Did My younger brother not learnt Hindi quickly?   

4.      How did My younger brother learn Hindi quickly?    

2.B. Past Continuous Tense

2.B.i. For Singular Subject

Subject + was + V1 + ing + object      Subject + was +not+ V1 + ing + object      Was + Subject + V1 + ing + object?    QW+ was + Subject + + V1 + ing + object?

Examples-

1.      She was writing a novel.  

2.      She was not writing a novel.  

3.      Was she writing a novel?  

4.      What was she writing?   

2.B.ii For Plural Subject

Subject + were + V1 + ing + object Subject + were +not+ V1 + ing + object Were + Subject + V1 + ing + object? QW+ were + Subject + + V1 + ing + object?

Examples-

1.      They were writing a novel.

2.      They were not writing a novel. 

3.      Were they writing a novel? 

4.      What were they writing? 

2.C.      Past Perfect Tense

Subject +    had + V3 + Object Subject +    had + not + V3 + Object Had + Subject+ V3 + Object? QW +   had + Subject + V3 + Object?

Examples-

1.      He had learnt English.  

2.      He had not learnt English.  

3.      Had he not learnt English?  

4.      When Had he learnt English?   

2.D.      Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + had been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for….. time. Subject + had not been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for….. time. had + Subject + been + V1 + ing + Object + … Since/for….. time.? QW + had + Subject + been + V1ing + Object + … Since/for... time?

Examples-

1.    He had been learning German. 

2.    He had not been learning German. 

3.    Had he been learning German? 

4.    Why had he been learning German? 

3.       Future Tense

3. A.  Simple Future Tense

Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object. Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object. Will/shall + Subject + V1 + Object? QW + will/shall + Subject + V1 + Object?

Examples

1.    My younger brother will learn Hindi quickly.   

2.    My younger brother will not learn Hindi quickly.   

3.    Will My younger brother learn Hindi quickly?   

4.    How will My younger brother learn Hindi quickly?    

3.B.   Future Continuous Tense

Subject + will/shall + BE + V1 + ing + Object. Subject + will/shall + not + BE + V1 + ing + Object. Will/shall + Subject + be +V1 + ing + Object? QW + will/shall + Subject + be + V1 + ing  + Object?

Examples-

1.     She will be writing a novel.

2.     She will not be writing a novel.  

3.     Will she be writing a novel?  

4.     What will she be writing?   

3.C.   Future Perfect Tense

Subject + will have/shall have + V3   + Object. Subject + will have/shall have + V3   + Object. Will/shall + Subject +have + V3 + Object? QW + Will/shall + Subject +have + V3 + Object?

Examples-

1.      He will have learnt English.  

2.      He will have not learnt English.  

3.      Will he not have learnt English?  

4.     How much will he have learnt English?  

12.   Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + will have been + Ving + Object+ … Since/for….. time. Subject + will + not + have been + Ving + Object+…Since/for..time. Will+Subject + have been + V1ing + Object+…Since/for….. time? QW + will+Subject + have been + Ving +Object+…Since/for.. time?

Examples-

1.     He will have been learning German.   

2.     He will not have been learning German.   

3.     Will he have been learning German?   

4.     Why will he have been learning German?    

 

Given below are a few examples that may help simply the concept:

1.      My younger brother speaks Hindi fluently. (Simple Present for Singular)

2.      My younger brother does not speak Hindi fluently. (Simple Present for Singular)

3.      Does My younger brother  not speak Hindi fluently? (Simple Present for Singular)

4.      Why does My younger brother not speak Hindi fluently? (Simple Present for Singular)

 

5.      They love Italian food. (Simple Present for Plural)

6.      They don’t love Italian food. (Simple Present for Plural)

7.      Do they love Italian food? (Simple Present for Plural)

8.      When do they love Italian food? (Simple Present for Plural)

 

9.      She is writing a novel. (Present Continuous for Singular)

10.   She is not writing a novel. (Present Continuous for Singular)

11.   Is she writing a novel? (Present Continuous for Singular)

12.   What is she writing? (Present Continuous for Singular)

 

13.   They are writing a novel. (Present Continuous for Plural)

14.   They are not writing a novel. (Present Continuous for Plural)

15.   Are they writing a novel? (Present Continuous for Plural)

16.   What are they writing? (Present Continuous for Plural)

 

17.   He has learnt English. (Present Perfect for Singular)

18.   He has not learnt English. (Present Perfect for Singular)

19.   Has he not learnt English? (Present Perfect for Singular)

20.   When Has he learnt English? (Present Perfect for Singular)

 

21.   They have given a speech. (Present Perfect for Plural)

22.   They have not given a speech. (Present Perfect for Plural)

23.   Have they given a speech? (Present Perfect for Plural)

24.   Where have they given a speech? (Present Perfect for Plural)

 

25.   He has been learning German. (Present Perfect Continuous for Singular)

26.   He has not been learning German. (Present Perfect Continuous for Singular)

27.   Has he been learning German? (Present Perfect Continuous for Singular)

28.   Why has he been learning German? (Present Perfect Continuous for Singular)

 

29.   My younger brother learnt Hindi quickly. (Simple Past for Singular/Plural)

30.   My younger brother did not learnt Hindi quickly. (Simple Past for Singular/Plural)

31.   Did My younger brother does not learnt Hindi quickly? (Simple Past for Singular/Plural)

32.   How did My younger brother learnt Hindi quickly? (Simple Past for Singular/Plural)

 

33.   She was writing a novel. (Past Continuous for Singular)

34.   She was not writing a novel. (Past Continuous for Singular)

35.   Was she writing a novel? (Past Continuous for Singular)

36.   What was she writing? (Past Continuous for Singular)

 

37.   They were writing a novel. (Past Continuous for Plural)

38.   They were not writing a novel. (Past Continuous for Plural)

39.   Were they writing a novel? (Past Continuous for Plural)

40.   What were they writing? (Past Continuous for Plural)

 

41.   He had learnt English. (Past Perfect for Singular/Plural)

42.   He had not learnt English. (Past Perfect for Singular/Plural)

43.   Had he not learnt English? (Past Perfect for Singular/Plural)

44.   When Had he learnt English? (Past Perfect for Singular/Plural)

 

45.   He had been learning German. (Past Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

46.   He had not been learning German. (Past Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

47.   Had he been learning German? (Past Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

48.   Why had he been learning German? (Past Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

 

49.   My younger brother will learn Hindi quickly. (Simple Future for Singular/Plural)

50.   My younger brother will not learn Hindi quickly. (Simple Future for Singular/Plural)

51.   Will My younger brother learn Hindi quickly? (Simple Future for Singular/Plural)

52.   How will My younger brother learn Hindi quickly? (Simple Past for Singular/Plural)

 

53.   She will be writing a novel. (Future Continuous for Singular/Plural)

54.   She will not be writing a novel. (Future Continuous for Singular/Plural)

55.   Will she be writing a novel? (Future Continuous for Singular/Plural)

56.   What will she be writing? (Future Continuous for Singular/Plural)

 

57.   He will have learnt English. (Future Perfect for Singular/Plural)

58.   He will have not learnt English. (Future Perfect for Singular/Plural)

59.   Will he not have learnt English? (Future Perfect for Singular/Plural)

60.   When Will have he learnt English? (Future Perfect for Singular/Plural)

 

61.   He will have been learning German. (Future Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

62.   He will not have been learning German. (Future Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

63.   Will he have been learning German? (Future Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)

64.   Why will he have been learning German? (Future Perfect Continuous for Singular/Plural)