Self-Introduction
1. It is a brief introduction of oneself.
2. Don’t use ‘Hello’ or ‘Hi’ for salutation.
3. Always use formal greeting like-good morning/evening etc.
4. Never start your introduction with ‘myself’.
5. Remember the preposition when speaking about your academic qualifications. For example-
a. I passed Class 12th with 76% marks in 2020 from JS Academy which is affiliated to UP Board.
6. ALWAYS PUT (‘) when writing the name of your father and mother; like my father’s name is ……..
7. Don’t discuss your weakness in details.
8. Try to be honest to your answer.
9. You should control your body language.
10. Remember, fake smile creates a bad impression. So, try to be normal.
Language learning
1. A language has four skills
2. Reading, listening, writing and speaking.
3. Reading and listening are input mode of language learning skills.
4. Writing and speaking are output mode of language learning skills.
Communication
1. Is the process of sharing of transferring of date/information/feelings etc.
2. Communication needs
a. Sender
b. Receive
c. Message
d. Common language and background
e. Transfer channel
3. Features of Communication
a. Specific audience
b. Specific purpose
c. Specific message
4. Process of communication needs five steps
a. Ideation- generating an idea through stimulation.
b. Encoding- conversion of idea into code may be a language or gesture or sign,
c. Transmission- sending of coded message through a proper channel.
d. Decoding- understanding the received message.
e. Feedback- response of the received message.
5. Levels in communication
a. Extra-personal level
b. Intra personal level
c. Interpersonal
d. Mass level
e. Organizational level
6. Barriers are the hindrances in communication
a. Intra persal barriers
b. Inter personal barriers
c. Organizational
d. Psychological barriers
e. Physical/environmental barriers
Written communication
1. It is an example of verbal communication.
2. Language proficiency and literacy is required.
3. Spellings and handwriting are integral part of written documents.
4. Formats, margins, etc. are also required for written communication.
5. Examples- letters, notices, memo, circulars, press-note, magazines, journals etc.
Oral communication
1. It is an example of verbal communication.
2. Language proficiency is required but literacy is not required for oral communication.
3. Voice dynamics like articulation, pronunciation, pitch, tone, and rate of speech are integral part of oral communication
4. Examples- telephonic communication, meeting address, stage address, presentation, seminar, etc.
Formal communication
1. Objective style, language and tone is used for communication.
2. We used it in offices, work place and professional institutes.
3. It is transmitted through formal channel.
Informal communication
1. Subjective style, local language and personal tone is used for communication.
2. We used it in our families and with friends though we use it in offices, work place and professional institutes whenever we talk to our colleagues.
3. It is transmitted through informal channel.
'Argument'
1. To satisfy their ego, people contradict each other.
2. It is an angry discussion between two or more people.
'Narration' means
1. It is an act of telling of a story or of happenings.
2. Intensity of story or happening change the pitch and tone.
'Exposition' means
1. Description and explanation of an idea or theory.
2. It’s a detail explanation.
Description means
1. a written or spoken statement about something
2. it gives simple idea about something.
Comprehension
1. It is an ability to understand an idea or text.
2. It helps to readout unseen passages.
3. Strong vocabulary is required for this skill.
Letter writing
1. It is a form of written communication.
2. It has various mandatory parts like sender’s address, date, receiver’s address, subject, salutation, body of the letter, subscription, address block, post-scription etc.
3. A format is must for letter writing.
Presentation
1. It requires both oral and written mode of communication.
2. It involves verbal and nonverbal communication.
3. It helps to explain subject/topic more interestingly with greater impact in less time.
Critical thinking
1. It is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe.
2. It is related to analyzing information to get the best answer to a question or problem.
3. It requires unbiased attitude.
Analytical thinking
1. It is an ability to tackle complicated issues by evaluating information you've gathered and organized.
2. It is an ability to analyze information and solve complicated issues.
3. It can help companies to increase overall productivity
Imperative thinking
1. ‘Imperative thinking’ is to think of everything as a sequence of steps or statements that would be evaluated in order.
2. Phrases like ‘ought to’, ‘have to’, and ‘ entitled to’ and questions like ‘why?’ and ‘how come?’ indicate imperative thinking.
Reading comprehension
1. It is related to reading a text and understand it.
2. Generally few questions based on reading the text are asked to check the reading skill.
Types of writing
1. There are mainly following types of writings
a. Narrative Writing
b. Descriptive Writing
c. Expository Writing
d. Persuasive Writing
e. Creative Writing
f. Objective Writing
g. Subjective Writing
h. Review Writing
i. Poetic Writing
j. Technical Writing
2. Note taking
Resume
1. It is a written document that contains details of a person like profile, objective, educational background, experience, hobbies, strength, etc.
2. It is helpful in finding suitable jobs.
3. It should be impersonal and objective in style.
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