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Oral communication is one of the modes of verbal communication in which language (words) is used through speech organs. Hence, oral communication is the process of exchange of information and ideas through speech organs using language.
Examples of oral communication include- speech, debate, telephonic conversation, seminars, interviews, etc.
It can be done face to face or through any electronic device like a telephone. It can also be done either formally or informally.
Oral communication is considered a powerful skill that is used almost at every place whether at home or in the professional field. This skill helps a professional/leader to impress others if it is used intelligently.
Paralinguistic features like the quality of voice, pronunciation, articulation, tone, pitch, rate, etc., play a vital role in effective oral communication.
Merits/Advantages of Oral Communication
It is time Saving.
Immediate feedback/answer is received.
It is easy and fast.
There is no fear of spelling.
Literacy is not required for oral communication.
It can easily be corrected if something relevant is spoken.
It can take help of body language to convey a message effectively.
Use of voice dynamics makes it impressive.
Demerits/Disadvantages of Oral Communication
It is not considered authenticated.
It cannot be used for legal record.
It needs of good knowledge of Paralinguistic features of Voice like pronunciation, articulation, volume, etc.
It needs costly device for recording and storing.
Importance of oral communication
Oral communication is advantageous in many personal, academic, social, and business settings for many reasons. Effective oral communication enables a person to express himself, listen actively, and respond appropriately to the needs of others. The importance of oral communication is mentioned below-
1.It establishes a more personal and relational communication between the sender and the receiver.
2.It is typically less formal hence giving confidence to the speaker.
3.It is more approachable hence developing rapport between speaker and listener.
4.It is flexible and also able to adapt to change quickly.
5.In urgency oral communication helps to respond to problems more quickly.
6.In a professional setting, it is built on transparency, understanding, and trust.
7.Effective oral communication boosts morale, improves performance, and promotes teamwork.
8.It saves time by giving a message directly to the other person and getting their response immediately.
9.It helps to resolve conflicts with face-to-face communication.
10.It enhances interaction and relationship building,
11.It facilitates collaboration among individuals.
Whenever we draft a message/content we have to write many lines.
All these lines cannot be written altogether. We have to put them one after
another according to the need of document. We need to give them a sequence. Hence,
sequencing refers to the placing of a number of lines one after another in a
single chain form. It is helpful to understand the content completely.
Sequencing is defined as the efficient ordering of the
content in order to improve the learners' understanding and help them achieve
their objectives (Morrison, Ross & Kemp, 2007).
SEQUENCERS
Proper sequencing needs certain words and phrases that
indicate the beginning or middle or ending of the content. Such words and
phrases are called sequencers. These sequencers can be classified in four
different types on the basis of their usage:
a) Sequencers used in the beginning
b) Sequencers used in the middle
c) Sequencers used for the interruptions
d) Sequencers used in the end.
e) Sequencers used in Procedures or Steps
f) Sequencers used in Chronology
g) Sequencers used in Flashbacks or Retrospection
h) Sequencers used in interruption
Sequencers Indicating Beginning
First, let’s gather all the ingredients.
First of all, I would like to thank everyone for being here.
To start with, we need to prepare the dough.
In the first place, we must ensure our safety.
Initially, I was hesitant to try rock climbing.
To begin with, we must define the problem.
Sequencers Indicating Middle
· Secondly, let’s discuss the budget for this project.
· Next, chop the vegetables.
· Then, we’ll add the chopped vegetables to the pan.
· After that, we will let the mixture cook for a while.
· Following that, the quarterly sales figures improved.
· Subsequently, she went on to win the award.
· Meanwhile, I’ll prepare the dessert.
· Simultaneously, we will launch the two marketing campaigns.
Sequencers Indicating End
· Finally, we have completed the project.
· Lastly, I would like to thank my family for their support.
· In the end, it’s the effort that counts.
· To conclude, I will restate my main argument.
· Ultimately, our goal is customer satisfaction.
Sequencers for Describing Procedures or Steps
· The first step is to preheat the oven.
· The second step involves mixing the ingredients.
· The next step is to pour the mixture into the pan.
· The last step is to let it bake for 30 minutes.
· The following step includes decorating the cake.
· The preceding step was to whip the cream.
Sequencers Indicating Chronology
· Before we proceed, let’s review our guidelines.
· After the event, we will gather for a debriefing.
· Later, we’ll catch up for a coffee.
· Soon, the sun will set.
· Then, I realized I had forgotten my wallet.
· While I was cooking, the phone rang.
· As soon as the bell rang, the children rushed out.
· By the time we got there, the show had started.
Sequencers Indicating
Flashbacks or Retrospection
· Looking back, I can see how much I’ve grown.
· In retrospect, I would have done things differently.
· Years ago, we used to vacation here every summer.
· At that time, I was not aware of the consequences.
Sequencers used
for interruption
· Suddenly, I remember my college days.
· All of a sudden, a loud noise dragged me back to the present.
· But then, we could not manage to escape.
Importance of
sequencers
a)Clarity and Coherence
Sequencers help to arrange thoughts,
actions, or events in a logical order.
b)Narration and Explanation
Sequencers are used to indicate the order
of events and make a story (narration) or instructions easier to understand.
c)Effective Communication
Sequencers facilitate smooth transitions
between ideas and improves communication.
d)Academic and Professional Writing
In academic or professional writing, Sequencers helps to organize ideas and
arguments logically. They make writings
effective.
e)Reading Comprehension
For language learners, understanding Sequencers can improve reading comprehension.
f)Language Proficiency
Finally, the correct use of Sequencers helps to draft more complex
sentence structures and develop the ability to express thoughts in a clear and
organized manner.
TYPES OF SEQUENCES
There are several simple sequences available -
1. Chronological sequence
2. Step-by-step sequence
3. Spatial sequence
4. Paired sequence
5. Topical sequence
6. Perspective-based sequence
7. Sort-by-property sequence
Each of these simple sequences is discussed below.
1.Chronological
Sequence
In a chronological sequence, items are ordered according to the
date or time when they occurred. We use chronological sequence in making reports,
experiments report, data analysis, etc.
Advantages:
a) A chronological sequence is easy to apply.
b) It is useful when time is more important in a document.
c) It helps to develop a series according to time.
Disadvantages:
The chronological sequence has “and-then” syndrome. It means
whenever we connect one sentence to another we generally use ‘and ‘then. It is
a tiring sequence.
2.Step-by-step
Sequence
In a step-by-step sequence, items are organized according
to their order within a process. We can use step-by-step sequences when we
write any process like How to upgrade financial management software, how to
change a flat tire, how to make tea, etc.
Advantages:
a) The sequence is easy to apply, and easy to follow.
b) It helps to write any process.
c) It is easy to understand step wise instructions.
Disadvantages:
a) Not ideal for many content preparation.
b) Only ‘how to…’ can be written in this sequence.
3.Spatial
Sequence
The spatial sequence means use of geographic dimension to
describe a structure or place, etc. Direction, sides (left, right, above,
below, etc.) are used to visualize how items are placed together. For example-
Description of roadside attraction in Delhi Hatt, the human nervous system, design
of an engine, etc.
Advantages:
a) It emphasizes the spatial relationships between items.
b) This can lead to a stronger understanding of the whole.
c) Audiences can easily visualize how items are placed together.
Disadvantages:
a) The unnecessary use of spatial dimension may make the description lengthier.
4.Paired
Sequences
Paired sequences are used to compare and contrast and mostly two
items at a time are taken for such comparison. This sequence is used to write
about Advantages vs. Disadvantages, Cause vs. Effect, etc.
Advantages
a) Natural pairings are easy to understand.
b) Using a paired sequence helps to disclose the suspense.
c) It is a very simple sequence.
Disadvantages
a) It is not flexible to handle real life situations.
5.Topical
Sequences
The sequence that follows the simple pattern of writing sentences
according to topic is called topical sequence. When other sequences cannot work
then you can use topical sequence. Examples- Presentation on ‘greenhouse
effect’ (topics-introduction, reason, effects, advantages, disadvantages, etc.)
Advantages
a)It can be applied in almost every presentation.
b)It is easier to write any topic in this sequence.
Disadvantages
a)Being simplest, it is weaker than any other sequence.
b)By their nature, topical sequences are more abstract.
The audience can easily get lost.
c)Presenter may ‘miss’ an important topic.
6.Perspective-based
Sequences
A perspective-based sequence involves investigating some
entity through a series of different lenses. For example, to consider a
proposal for a loan to start a new business, several perspectives are checked:
a) From the perspective of telecommuting employees
b) From the perspective of office-based employees
c) From the perspective of managers
d) From the perspective of IT
e) From the perspective of Accounting
Advantages:
a) Good for persuasive presentations.
Disadvantages:
a) Can be repetitive (boring) as you consider each of the perspectives.
7.Sort-by-property
Sequences
Here, property means quality. This sequence is a special topical
sequence that allow a presenter to choose one property
(quality) of their material and organize content along that
property (or dimension). Once a quality is chosen, the content can be
organized in an appropriate order, like
a)Smallest to largest
b)Most understood to least understood
c)Most concrete to most abstract (specific to general)
d)Least impactful to most impactful
Advantages
a)Easy for an audience to follow and predict.
Disadvantages
b)Difficult to choose right dimension.
8.Compound
and Nested Sequences
When the Presentation grows longer, it may be divided it into seperate
parts, and different sequence are used to present each part, one after the
other. This is a compound sequence.
Advantage
a)The complex presentation can be easily presented in this
sequence.
A skill that uses sounds, correct pronunciation, and style with the help of speech organs is called speaking. It is the delivery of language through the mouth. Speaking includes various voice features (tone, pitch, pronunciation, rate of speech, intonation, etc.) in different ways to create different speaking styles.
Types of Speaking
Speaking can be done in different styles according to the purpose and audience. Every style has a specific feature that can be used according to the purpose.
1. Informative
Speaking style (Rich and facts-based Speaking style):
Informative speaking style means
straightforward style and is formal and objective in nature. Simple language
is used. It is suitable for facts and knowledgeable messages. Examples-
announcements at public places.
A humorous Speaking style means an
informal style with tricky words to create humour. Speakers take the liberty to impress listeners. It
is used for entertainment. Entertaining speakers make sure the audience has
something to enjoy. Examples- standup comedy, informal parties.
3. Storytelling
Speaking style
Storytelling Speaking style means
informal style with the use of dramatic dialogues and different voice features
to create scenes of the story. It is used to entertain and to break the boredom in
a lengthy presentation. The story may be factual or fictional. Examples - telling bedtime stories by family members, Storytelling in the classroom, Storytelling in
the middle of a presentation, and small stories by preachers.
4. Frozen
Speaking style
Frozen Speaking style is the most
formal level of speaking style that has a tough formal tone, scientific
vocabulary, and long, complex sentences. Examples- international meetings,
conclaves, conferences, etc.
5. Formal
Speaking style
The formal style is also known as
the deliberative style. It follows some rules such as careful selection of
words and formal sentence structure. A tough workplace is a very common place
for such a style. It is used in formal environments like in a business
meeting, a lecture hall, a guest speech, etc.
6. Consultative
Speaking style
The consultative style is
semi-formal in nature. It is remarked with small and easy sentences. It is used
to find problems and solve queries. This style is generally used during consultation
with a doctor, at the help counter, etc.
7. Informal/Causal
Speaking style
Informal Speaking style doesn’t
follow any code of conduct/rules. This speaking style is used in regular and
relaxed conversations. People use this style while engaging in daily
conversation at the workplace, at home, and in society with friends and family.
8. Personal/Intimate
Speaking style
It is considered the most
informal speaking style. Its characteristics include the use of deletion such
as shortened words or skipping syllables, jargon, extraction or using
incomplete sentences or phrases, or slang. It takes place during intimate
conversations. It is the most natural type of speaking. People use such a
style when they are very emotional.
9. Ceremonial Speaking
style
The ceremonial Speaking style is
a kind of formal speaking style blended with an occasion. This style is used in
ceremonies, functions, festivals, and parties. This style is suitable for
public speaking where the speaker needs to speak in front of a large audience.
For example- toast, award ceremony, farewell, welcome gathering, etc.
10. Inquisitive Speaking
style
Inquisitive Speaking style
is remarked with a lot of questions, formal tone and intelligently drafted
sentences. It can also be used informally. This is the style that is used to inquire
or ask questions. This style addresses a lot of inquiries. It is used when
students ask questions to teachers, interviewers ask questions to the
candidate, an anchor interviews a celebrity, etc.
11. Negotiating Speaking
style
Negotiating speaking style may be
formal or informal, and it is full of arguments and suggestions. When two
people communicate with each other in order to reach a common goal they use
negotiating style. Such style is very common between a seller and a buyer,
employer, employee, dealer and client, etc.
12. Instructive Speaking style
This style is used while
giving instructions to someone. Instructive speaking style follows one-way
communication with many imperative sentences and a formal tone. The receiver
plays a passive role. It is used by trainers, coaches, air hostesses, mentors,
etc.
13. Appreciative/Complementing
Speaking style
Appreciative Speaking style is
related to positivity. It has lots of positive, and good words with a polite or
exciting tone. This style is used to appreciate or compliment someone or
something. This style is utilized to give positive feedback. For
example, Teacher appreciates students, seniors appreciate juniors, etc.
14. Complaining
Speaking style
Complaining Speaking style is
that style which uses negative words with either a loud voice or an aggressive tone.
This style is used to make complaints. Negative feedback is given in this
style.
15. Persuasive
Speaking style
Persuasive Speaking style
has the confidence to achieve goals. It has a lot of arguments, suggestions,
tempting strategies, etc. This Speaking style is used when the main purpose of
the speaker is to persuade someone to do something. This style has great value
in personal and professional life. It is extensively used in sales pitches,
presentations, promotions of products, etc.
16. Motivational Speaking style
This style is generally
used to motivate or inspire listeners to take action. The motivational
speaking style takes high pitch and a lot of energy. Larger-than-life scenes
are created to motivate listeners. There are lots of fluctuations in voice
to get the complete attention of the listener. It is used by many speakers to reduce
the stress of the audience and to make them ready to achieve their dreams.
The statement that
contains the particulars of holding a meeting is known as a notice. It is one
kind of request to the members for attending the meeting. The date, time,
place, and agenda are informed through the notice. It may be oral or written.
“ A notice is the
communication-verbal or written informing the persons entitled to attend the
meeting about the time, date, place and the business of the meeting.” - S.K.
Dutta
When a meeting is to be
convened, a notice is required to be sent to all who are to attend it.
It should satisfy these
conditions:
1. It should be under
proper authority
2. It should state the
name of the organization.
3. It should state the
day, date, time, and place. Also, sometimes, how to reach the place
4. It should be well in
advance. Some require seven days’ notice and some 48 hours.
5. It should state the
purpose and, if possible, the agenda
6. It should carry the
date of circulation and the convener’s/secretary’s signature
7. It should go to all
persons required at the meet
8. It should mention the
TA/DA etc. payable and the arrangements for this
In practice, it is
necessary to ensure that the notice has been reached in time. This may be done
telephonically. Dispatch section and post are prone to delays
We often find that
between the date of a letter from a major public organization and the postmark
on the letter, there is a gap of 10-12 days. A notice that should reach seven
days before a meeting should not reach seven days after the meeting.
Doaab
Housing Society
Partapur
bypass, Meerut
NOTICE
OF MEETING
13th March, 2023
The 20th Meeting of the executive
committee will be held at 4:00 PM on Saturday, 13th Feb, 2023 in ‘Lotus’,
first floor, T-Block. The agenda is mentioned below-
4:01
PM Minutes of the previous meeting
4:05
PM Appointment of 2 new junior accountant
4:10 PM Proposal
for the purchase of office item
4:20 PM List of
celebrations for approval
4:30
PM Replacement of old gen-set.
You are requested to reach the
meeting venue with a writing pad and pen 5 minutes before the schedule.
TED stands for Technology,
Entertainment, and Design. TED Talks are small videos not more than 18
minutes (may vary) used for sharing knowledge. A TED talk is a recorded
public-speaking presentation, and it is also used for enhancing Listening
skills. It is found effective in supporting extensive listening practice among
language learners.
The process of learning by listening to TED Talks
The basic way to use TED talks is to simply listen to them. To improve listening, listeners should listen, analyze, repeat, work with it, and use it.
a) Watch the video more than once: TED videos that are three to five minutes long should be watched more than once.
b) The first time, watch for enjoyment and focus on the main idea.
c) The second time, watch to learn something and focus on the details.
d) The next time, watch for note-taking by writing down the main ideas.
e) Listen many times and use new vocabulary
Benefits/importance/advantages of
TED TALKS
There are several benefits of using TED Talk videos-
a) TED Talk videos are interesting for all due to wide range.
b) TED Talks’ ‘interactive transcript’ help listener to read also. It enhances students’ motivation.
c) TED videos are sharable and downloadable easily.
d) TED Talks can be easily searched in many ways, including by speaker, subject, or theme.
e) TED Talks can be accessed at any time and any place the internet facility on any A/V device.
f) TED Talks motivates students and promotes self-directed and independent learning.
Tips to Improve
listening by using TED Talks
a) An active listener must apply listening and writing together.
b) Try to use the new words while speaking or writing.
c) The listener must use the transcript feature to understand the speaker.
d) Read the transcript aloud with the speaker to practice pronunciation and vocal skills. E) Listen carefully the words the speaker emphasizes and repeats.
Writing is one of the effective means of
communication. It is a type of verbal communication and comes with interpersonal
skills to communicate ideas and thoughts in a readable form. We can use several
different writing methods to make the writing more engaging and exciting and
keep the audience reading until the end of the piece. The following are the main methods
of writing-
1.Inductive
Method:
In the inductive method, an author moves from a particular
statement to a general statement. The writer gives detailed arguments or
illustrations in favour of the statement and finally makes a conclusion. The final statement
contains the core ideas. It includes a topic sentence (main idea) at the end. It
is one of the scientific logical techniques that scientists have been using
over the year.
Examples –
Years Ago, scientists synthesized a so-called revolutionary product- thermocol. They didn't give a thought to its dangerous properties that would threaten the planet and its life in the future. Actually, thermocol is one of the most dangerous non-decomposable,
non-recyclable polymers. Now, it has been proven a big threat to the environment and the lives on our planet. It pollutes the environment and causes various diseases in living beings. In spite of knowing the hazardous
effects, we have made it an integral part of our daily life due to its utilization in various fields like- packaging, decoration, cutlery, etc. Thermocol is just one man-made dangerous product, the list is very long. Man has created numberless dangerous and non-biodegradable polymers which have become a threat to the whole planet.
In a remote part of a hilly town, a big and grand school building was lying wasted and unnoticed by the local government. This school was donated by a non-profit organization ten years before. This was a purposefully built brand-new structure that would serve a large community that had no school for their children. The building was grand and it was built at the foot of the hill to avoid a polluted environment, vehicles honking and howling in the crowdy places. The opening got a huge response from local people, ministers, and the media. The politicians praised the initiative of the organization and said that it was a major development for the area and would radically change the lives of the people. It started with the ministers' fund but with the passing of time, the local government didn't care much about the school. unfortunately, due to the lack of funds the teachers left the school, other staff was also left. children used to come and go back without studying. Slowly they stopped to come to school. This big and grand school became empty and useless. Many aid projects fail because of poor planning, thereby wasting huge amounts of money.
2.Deductive
Method:
This is the most common logical writing method used
in technical communication. It involves the process of moving from a general
statement to specific details. The topic sentence is usually the first sentence
in the paragraph making a general statement that contains the core idea leading to
supporting ideas one by one like examples, details, etc.
Examples-
Many aid projects fail because of poor planning, thereby wasting huge amounts of money. It is due to without proper planning, and the interest of the governing bodies. In a remote part of a hilly town, a big and grand school building was lying wasted and unnoticed by the local government. This school was donated by a non-profit organization ten years before. This was a purposefully built brand-new structure that would serve a large community that had no school for their children. The building was grand and it was built at the foot of the hill to avoid a polluted environment, vehicles honking and howling in the crowdy places. The opening got a huge response from local people, ministers, and the media. The politicians praised the initiative of the organization and said that it was a major development for the area and would radically change the lives of the people. It started with the ministers' fund but with the passing of time, the local government didn't care much about the school. unfortunately, due to the lack of funds, the teachers left the school, and other staff was also left. children used to come and go back without studying. Slowly they stopped to come to school. Afterward, this big and grand school became empty and useless.
3.Spatial
Method:
It is also called the order of place. It emphasizes the visual description of a particular idea, thing, or place. It includes detail related to location and direction. The description goes from inside to outside, left to right, and bottom to top. The best place to use spatial organization is in descriptions of scenes and settings, but it can also be utilized when giving instructions or directions.
Examples-
I have a sweet home in the new township. It has three rooms. when I enter the main gate, it has a big loan at the right and a small garage at the left. The main door enters the drawing room. Attached to my right drawing room wall is a small brown wooden rack. just above it, there is a big window that has snow white thick curtains. Next to it, there is a decorated brown coloured bookshelf occupied with all sorts of books. Right to the bookshelf is my desk in the right corner. A laptop, a pen stand with all sorts of pens, a few books, and a writing pad with blank sheets are giving a clumsy look on the desk.The front wall has two large paintings of modern art on either side of the door that enters the lawn. Turning my head to the left, I see a full-length window covering almost the left wall. the white curtains are tied to both sides so a big picture of the garden can be seen through the window glass.
As I entered the room I saw a big wooden almirah
at the front wall just opposite to entry door. To the left of the almirah, there was
a small window. A narrow passage towards the washroom was just left to the
window. The left wall has a large painting. Below the painting, an armchair was
lying vacant. As I moved my eyes to the right, I saw a study table that was big enough to give place to a small book tray, a tabletop, a pen stand, a few papers, a writing pad, a few file folders, and one radio.
4.Linear
Method:
The literal meaning of the word ‘linear’ is 'in line'. In a paragraph, one sentence leads to the next one
and thus the sentences move toward their goal. The linear logical pattern
involves presenting ideas in a progressive way. The sentences are connected to
each other logically.
Example –
The pan was put on the gas stove and Meera lit
the burner. Then he poured one cup of water. When it boiled she add tea leaves, sugar, and ginger to it. After one minute, she added milk to it and boiled it for I more
minute. The tea was ready.
Sugar is extracted from sliced sugar beets, after
which juice is purified through a series of milk of lime and CO2 process steps.
Then the filtered juice is evaporated and sugar is crystallized from it.
5.Chronological
Method:
It refers to the narration of events in the order
in which they occur in time, beginning with the first event, going on to the
next, and so on. It is quite easy and natural to record events in the order of their happening. It is mostly used in periodic reports, historical events, incidents, routines, etc. Generally, after, next, currently, later, then, before, now, next, Finally, etc. are used.
Example –
During my college days, I used to get up at 6 in
the morning and study for 2 hours daily. I would enter the mess at 8:00 am
without taking a bath. The college started at 9:00 am. Usually, I reached late for
the first lecture. I kept sitting at my bench till 12:50 pm. After reaching the mess I finished my lunch fast and went to the hostel for a nap at 01:15 pm.
I was born in 1972 in the month of December. my father came to the city from his village after my birth. I was admitted to a Hindi medium school with my three brothers in 1976. I, with my brothers, studied there for the next 8 years. Then I was admitted to a girls' school. I passed my class 12th in 1989. I got first division and moved to the next college for higher studies. I got my graduation degree in 1992 and Post graduation degree in 1994 from the same college. As I was deeply interested in fashion design, I took one year course in fashion technology and pursue my passion. In 1996, I left my job and got married. I started teaching in a primary school. I was blessed with two beautiful and pretty daughters in 1997 and 2001. I continued my teaching job till 2007 and then I moved to industry as a trainer. There I worked for two years. I got another opportunity in 2009 in an Engineering College and I worked there for 7 years. The next turning point came when I got selection as a Principal in a group of schools chain. After working as a principal for three years, I moved to my home back due to Covid in 2020. when Covid ended, I joined an institute in 2022 in my hometown and am still working in the institute. This is how I reached here.
6.Exposition
Method:
The exposition method refers to the detail or explanation of a topic. Description, Comparison, and contrast can also be used to expose the topic. The purpose of this method is to provide information through examples and illustrations.
Example –
People often think, all planets are alike, but there are actually three types of planets in the solar system. The terrestrial planets are made of rock and metal and are closest to the sun. These include the midsize planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They rotate slowly and don’t have many moons. Farther from the sun are the planets called gas giants, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are called gas giants because they are formed from gases such as hydrogen and helium. Gas giants rotate fast and have many moons. Finally, planetoids are objects made up of rock and ice and are too small to be true “planets.” Planetoids sometimes even get pulled into a planet’s gravitational field and become moons themselves. Whether they are terrestrials, gas giants, or planetoids, the planets in the solar system are fascinating.
7.Explanation
Method:
This means an explanation of a central idea, a
statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant
structure or operation or circumstances, etc. followed by the topic sentence,
main idea, supporting sentences, and adequate justification.
Example –
Breathing is a simple process of inhaling and
exhaling gases but when it reaches to lungs, oxygen from inhaled gases
diffuses into blood capillaries through the alveoli and co2 from blood capillaries
entered the alveoli. From there, CO2 mixes with gas in the lungs and is taken
out by the process of exhaling.
Photosynthesis is the process of preparation of food by green plants and certain other organisms which transform light energy into chemical energy. The green plants have chloroplast, a cell organelle, which plays an important role in food preparation. Photosynthesis takes place in these tiny organelles. During photosynthesis, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.
8.Interrupted
Method:
The interruptive method includes either the use of punctuation marks ((), -, !, ".... ", etc.) or a sudden change in tense (from present to past or past to future or future to present, etc.). It
includes breaking ideas to elaborate things and for clear
understanding.
Example-
Hemant was excited as the march was going to be
tough. Suddenly Priyansh hit a six. Hemant screamed, “Watch out! Our team is
going to win”.
Usually, my neighbour feeds stray animals. Every day, he gets up early and takes plenty of variety of food for them. Before a year, he was a different person. he drank a lot and kicked small animals that came in front of his gate. He also, used to shout and bully the people in neighbouthood. Nobody liked him. One day he fell ill and was confined to his room. Then a small puppy barked a lot in front of his door and dragged the attention of the people to his house. people came and took him to the hospital. his life was saved due to that small puppy. this incident changed his life. Now, that man has changed himself and now he has good relations with all the neighbours.
