Q.1. Define hearing and how it
is different from listening.
Ans. Hearing is a
natural process of receiving sound waves through ears. But listening is one of
the four important language skills and is a mode of communication in which
sound signals are received and interpreted by the brain to understand the
meaning of these signals.
Q.2 Define listening and how it is different from
hearing.
Ans. Listening
is one of the four important language skills and is a mode of communication in
which sound signals are received and interpreted by the brain to understand the
meaning of these signals. But hearing is a natural process of
receiving sound waves through ears.
Q.3. Differentiate between hearing and listening.
Ans.
Listening:
Listening
is a skill to receive, and interpret (understanding) messages
correctly. It can be enhanced by regular practice. It plays a very
important role in the process of communication.
Hearing: Hearing
is a natural process of receiving sound waves through ears.
Difference between hearing and listening-
HEARING |
LISTENING |
Hearing is an
activity of receiving sound-waves through ear. |
Listening is an
activity of hearing sound-waves then analyzing and understanding it. |
It is ability. |
It is a skill. |
It is a
continuous activity. |
It is temporary.
We listen only when we care about sounds. |
It happens at
subconscious level. |
It happens at
conscious level. |
It just happens
all the time – whether someone likes it or not. |
Listening
requires concentration so that brain can understand meaning of sound and spoken
words. |
Hearing simply happens. |
Listening leads
to learning. |
Hearing uses
only ears. |
Listening uses
different senses, like the sense of hearing, seeing, or sense of touch. |
Hearing is
an involuntary act. |
Listening is a
voluntary skill where brain tries to understand the meaning of sound. |
Concentration is
not required for hearing. |
Concentration is
required for listening. |
It involves
Physiology (Only ear). |
It involves
Psychology, also (active brain). |
Q.4. Define listening, it is
important, and guidelines to improve it.
OR Explain art of Listening.
Ans. Listening: Listening is one of
the four important language skills and is a mode of communication in which
sound signals are received and interpreted by the brain to understand the
meaning of these signals.
It can be
developed by regular practice - consciously, carefully, and systematically.
Interpretation of a message depends on the listener’s knowledge of the language
& signals. Listening also depends on the listener's attitude towards the
speaker.
Importance/significance of listening for a professional leader/manager
1. Effective
listening enhances the information and knowledge bank of listeners.
2. Listener
can make better policies, take correct decisions, and solve problems &
grievances.
3. Effective
listening helps to know and understand the activities of the competing
organizations, also.
4. Effective
listening at the same workplace helps to find out false rumors that may damage
the healthy environment, and the reputation of the organization.
5. Effective
listening creates a pleasing atmosphere for coordination among various
departments at the workplace.
6. It
helps to get constructive suggestions from the employees.
7. Effective
listening helps to raise the morale of the employees and creates sense of
togetherness.
8. Effective
listening welcomes subordinates in the decision-making process and they can
introduce new schemes and useful suggestions to the manager.
Guidelines for effective listening:
a) Listen
patiently to the speaker without judging it wrong or irrelevant.
b) Simply
use body language- like nodding your head and smiling,
c) Give
attention while listening and trying to understand the feeling of the speaker.
d) Encourage
the speaker to talk continuously.
e) Keep
tone neutral while giving a response and don't lead the speaker forcefully in a
desired way.
f) Give
time for discussion to continue speech without interruption.
g) Avoid
direct questions and arguments during listening.
h) Repeat
the statement as a question when further clarification is required.
i) Try
to listen to the changing tone & volume of voice to find the real meaning.
j) Concentrate
on the speaker's facial expressions, gestures, and body movements.
k) Don't
merge official communication when listening for other purposes.
l) Listen
more and speak less.
Q.5. What should be the
qualities of a listener?
OR what are the traits of a
good listener.
Ans. Traits of a good listeners
'Traits' means
'qualities'. A listener must have certain qualities so that he can understand
the sounds and words correctly. Effective listening results in good responses,
better understanding, and healthy relationships. A good listener must have the
following qualities-
1. Focused-'Being
focused means understanding the central point of something.'
A listener should
be focused when listening to the speaker. He should maintain good eye
contact to show his focus. This will help him to understand speech
better. He must not care much about 'how to react' rather he should
listen, process, and understand. He should listen to comprehend, not to
respond.
2. Attentive
Being attentive
means 'listening or watching carefully'. A listener must be engaged in the
current moment instead of remembering the past or thinking the next. The
listener should avoid all distractions, including phones and other
people.
3. Without Expectation
A good listener
must listen without any expectations. He should not be attached to a certain
outcome. He should allow the speaker to speak freely. Any expectation by the
listener may force the conversation in the listener's desired direction. He
must accept the conversation as it goes naturally.
4. Not be an attention seeker
'Attention seeker
means a person who tries to get attention, typically in an inappropriate
(wrong) manner.'
A good listener
may help the speaker whenever he is stuck somewhere. But he shouldn’t start
over helping. A good listener must know when to offer help and he must not to
rush to add something to the speaker's thoughts. He must not take attention
away from the speaker.
5. Ready to Respond
A good listener
must be ready to respond to the speaker either through positive body language
or through words. Both ways boost the energy of the speaker. Remember, the
listener should respond responsibly not with a critical (and often wrong or
harsh) mind. A listener's honest response prepares a smooth environment for
building good relation with speaker.
6. Listen more and speak less
A good listener
must not show his knowledge while listening. Instead, he must focus on speech,
and respond when necessary. He mustn’t aim to dominate the conversation
but rather tries to listen even more than he listens.
7. Use positive body gestures
A listener must
show his positive response even through his body language. This may include
smile, posture, facial expression, nodding, etc. It encourages the speaker to
continue. One of the best ways to show attentive listening is to keep eye
contact with the speaker. These nonverbal cues have an especially important place
in listening.
8. Don’t interrupt
It’s frustrating
for a speaker to speak and constantly get interruptions by listeners. A
listener must not interrupt the speaker in the mid. Unnecessary interruption
may become the reason for losing an argument or train of thought or even
getting the whole point derailed and forgotten. A good listener understands
this fury and simply listens until the speaker completes his point. If he is
confused, he asks after the speaker has made his point.
9. Ask follow-up questions
An important part
of listening is engagement with the speaker. Listener must ask follow-up
questions after the speech of the speaker. Good listener encourages the speaker
by asking relevant questions. He tries to get more detail. He must clear his
doubt by asking questions.
10. Listen to learn
Good listener
believes in learning something new from each speech. He actively listens to
understand new information ask the speaker to elaborate. He remains interested
and invested time in each meeting.
11. Patient
A good listener
must not haste to judge the speaker and speech. He must wait until the speaker
finishes his point of view. Patience makes a person a good listener.
12. Curious to know
Curious means
'finding more about anything'. A good listener is genuinely curious and wants
to find out more from the speech. He wants answers, and he is excited about how
the speaker will handle his queries.
13. Summarize after listening
A good listener
must prepare a summary of the speech. This helps highlight important moments
any outstanding issues. It helps a listener for future references related to
this topic.
Q.6. Define various modes of listening.
OR explain various types of modes of listening and their
features.
Ans. Modes
of Listening
Listening is the
process of receiving, and interpreting sound signals (messages) received from
the sender. Listening is one of the skills of communication. It can be
developed by practicing regularly. Various methods of listening are, also,
called modes of listening.
Types of
modes of listening-
a)
Disengaged Listening – Disengaged mode of
listening means the listener's body is present but his mind is not present
during the communication. He hears the words but he is not really listening
because his mind is on something else. For example- a student sitting in the
class but by mind he is busy in a friend's birthday planning. Hence, he cannot
listen.
Main
feature of disengaged listening is only physical presence of the listener.
b)
Competitive/ Combative Listening – Combative mode of
listening means the listener is listening but he is also proving himself better
than the speaker. For example- In the horizontal level meeting (all are at the
same level) everybody wants to prove himself more knowledgeable than the other.
They listen less but speak more. They want to prove their point rather than
listening other.
Main features of Competitive listening are speaking more than listening
and over powering the speaker.
c)
Active Listening- Active mode of listening (as the
name suggests) is very attentive listening. The listener carefully listens to
the speaker and continuously engaged with the speaker. Active Listening
involves full attention to the speaker. Listener shows his interest through
facial expressions, body language, by asking questions time to time etc. It
makes communication effective and fruitful.
Main features of active
listening are proper feedback and learning.
d)
Passive Listening– Passive mode of listening means a listener
listens carefully and seeks to understand but he doesn't ask any questions to
the speaker. He also doesn't respond to the questions. Neither he shows his
interest in the conversation. For Example- In a group, few people sit there,
only to listen but they never take part in the conversation.
Main feature of passive listening is avoiding feedback by the listener.
Q.7. Define the combative mode of listening.
e)
Ans. Competitive/ Combative Listening – Combative
mode of listening means the listener is listening but he is also proving
himself better than the speaker. For example- In the horizontal level meeting
(all are at the same level) everybody wants to prove himself more knowledgeable
than the other. They listen less but speak more. They want to prove their point
rather than listening other.
Main features of Competitive listening are speaking more than listening
and over powering the speaker.
Q.8. Define the active mode of listening.
f)
Ans. Active Listening- Active mode of
listening (as the name suggests) is very attentive listening. The listener
carefully listens to the speaker and continuously engaged with the speaker.
Active Listening involves full attention to the speaker. Listener shows his
interest through facial expressions, body language, by asking questions time to
time etc. It makes communication effective and fruitful.
Main features of active
listening are proper feedback and learning.
Q.9. Define the passive mode of listening.
g)
Ans. Passive Listening– Passive mode
of listening means a listener listens carefully and seeks to understand but he
doesn't ask any questions to the speaker. He also doesn't respond to the
questions. Neither he shows his interest in the conversation. For Example- In a
group, few people sit there, only to listen but they never take part in the
conversation.
Main feature of passive listening is avoiding feedback by the listener.
Q.10. Define the disengaged mode of listening.
Ans. Disengaged Listening –
Disengaged mode of listening means the listener's body is present but his mind
is not present during the communication. He hears the words but he is not really
listening because his mind is on something else. For example- a student sitting
in the class but by mind he is busy in a friend's birthday planning. Hence, he
cannot listen.
Main feature of disengaged listening is only physical presence of the
listener
Q.11. Differentiate between active and passive modes of
listening.
Ans.
Active listening |
Passive
listening |
Listener is very
active. |
Listener is not
active. |
Listener gives
proper feedback to speaker |
Listener doesn’t
give feedback. |
Doubts and
enquiries are asked. |
No query from
listener. |
Q.12. Differentiate between passive and disengaged modes
of listening.
Ans.
Passive
listening |
Disengaged
listening |
Listener is
present by mind and body. |
Listener is
present only by body. |
Listener doesn’t
give feedback. |
Listener doesn’t
listen. |
No query from
listener. |
Listener is busy
in his thoughts. |
Q.13. What do you mean by Note taking?
Ans. Note taking
is the process of preparing notes while listening a lecture. Note taking is
done by listener. It is a very common practice when listener attends either a
meeting in an office or a lecture in a college. It helps record information
from different speeches. By taking notes, the listener records the important
points of the information and keeps it for future reference. Traditionally,
notes are always handwritten but now-a-days notes are also taken through
notetaking software. Note-taking is a foundational skill in personal
knowledge management.
Importance of
Note-Taking
i. To record of lectures for future
study and review.
ii. To implant the material in the
mind.
iii. To make listeners more
attentive.
iv. To study when shortage of time.
v. To retain more about the
lecture.
vi. To revise information.
Basic rules for
Note-Taking
Note-taking is a
personal thing and there is no fixed technique for it but there are three basic
rules that can help note-taking quicker and more efficiently:
i.
Be selective – write only important points
ii.
Be brief
- use abbreviations and symbols
iii.
Be clear
- Find relationship between the speaker’s points.
How to Take
Good Lecture Notes/Suggestions/Guidlines for Taking Notes:
Notes are very
important assets to prepare for an examination or for future reference. Notes
are very helpful at the last time revision. Hence, these must be written carefully
i. Write in good handwriting.
ii. Write in neat, attractive, and
easy-to-understand format.
iii. Indicate the main points of the
lecture.
iv. show the relationship of the
sub-heading to the main headings.
v. Include important illustrative
detail to enrich notes and content.
vi. Use good stationery like ink and
a notebook.
vii.
Mention
the date and page number.
viii.
Leave
wide margins to show the relationships of ideas to each other.
ix. Use notetaking shorthand
techniques like
a.
Don’t
use complete sentences.
b. Use symbols not complete words.
c.
Use
abbreviation and creative spelling.
x. Listen more than writing because
All lecturers repeat many things at many times.
xi. Don’t decorate notes otherwise,
you cannot concentrate on listening.
xii.
Use
numbers in notes, if needed.
xiii.
Read
notes as soon as possible, after the lecture, to fix handwriting, spelling, and
clarity.
Q.14. What do you mean by Note taking also write
various methods of note taking.
Ans. Note taking
is the process of preparing notes while listening a lecture. It is done by
listener. It is a very common practice when listener attends either a meeting
in an office or a lecture in a college. It helps record information from
different speeches. By taking notes, the listener records the important points
of the information and keeps it for future reference. Traditionally, notes are
always handwritten but now-a-days notes are also taken through notetaking
software. Note-taking is a foundational skill in personal knowledge
management.
Methods of
Note-Taking
There is no fixed
method of taking notes of a lecture. Note-taking can be done in any way that is
easier for a listener. Some of the methods are as follows-
1. Linear
method
2. Outline
method
3. Sentence
method
4. Charting
5. Mapping
6. Cornell
Notes
Now, we will
discuss each method one by one-
1. Linear
method
The method of note
taking in which notes are written as the information is received is called
linear method of note taking. It is a simple means of taking notes. Notes are
written as the information is received. It may include chronological outlines
of a lecture This method required a higher potential of listening and noting
everything. It is difficult for slow writers.
2. Outline
method
The method of note
taking in which heading and subheading are written is called outline method of
note taking. It is an easy method. Notes are organized in a structured, and
logical manner with the help of bullet points. Bullet points includes- Roman numerals,
letters of the alphabet, and Arabic numerals. Due to headings and
subheading, a lot of information can be reviewed in a short period of time.
This method has a
limitation that a writer cannot add anything in the middle of numbers or
listener has to leave a bigger space after every number to add anything later.
3. Sentence
method
The sentence
note-taking is simply writing down each topic as a short, simple sentence. It
is helpful in fast-paced lessons where a lot of information is being covered.
The note-taker records every new thought, fact, or topic on a separate line but
the notes are not organized into heading and subheadings. Numbers or bullets are
used to show the beginning of a new thought.
4. Charting
The method of note
taking in which notes are prepared with the help of a chart to show relation
among various points is called charting method of note taking. It is useful for
a topic that has different categories, such as similarities, differences, date,
event, impact, etc. Listener may review and rewrite notes using the charting
method. It includes flow charts, tables, frames, etc.
5. Mapping
The method of note
taking in which spatial organization and diagrams are used to write information
is called mapping method of note taking. The main point is kept in the center
of the page and then branches outward to mention all the ideas connected to
that central topic. Colors, small graphics, symbols, etc. are often used to
help to visualize the information more easily.
6. Cornell
Notes
Walter
Pauk of Cornell University developed this method of note-taking.
It consists of dividing a single page into three sections: a right-hand column
for notes, a left-hand column for cues, and a strip at the bottom for a
summary. Cues are keywords or questions that help evoke key aspects of the
topic. This method is used for mathematics or chemistry, physics, etc
where formulas and graphs are used.
LAYOUT OF FOR
CORNELL NOTETAKING:
Subject:
date: Chapter/lecture:. |
|
Cues column:
questions or keywords |
notes |
summary |
Q.15. Describe
various types of listening.
Ans.
Listening- Listening is a skill to receive, and interpret
(understanding) messages correctly. It can be enhanced by regular
practice. It plays a very important role in the process of communication. There
are different situations and different kinds of listening-
i. Informational listening
The listening that
is done to get information and learn something is called informational
listening. It usually takes a high level of concentration. Listener can learn some
new concepts. Some examples of informational listening include:
a) Work
training
b) Self-paced
learning at home or at work
c) Listening
to an educational e-book
d) attending
lectures
Advantages of
informational learning
a) It
makes listener a better learner.
b) It
enhances active participation.
c) It
updates knowledge and increase interaction with others.
ii. Discriminative
listening
The listening in which
different listener gives more importance to sounds rather than only words is
called discriminative listening. It is the first listening type that everybody
born with. Everyone innately has discriminative listening skills. It depends on
paralinguistic features of voice to understand meaning and intention of the
speaker. Example- When watching a foreign language movie, we can understand the
intention of the speaker by tone, style, etc though we don’t know the language.
Advantages of
discriminative listening
a) It
helps listener to read the speaker’s mindset.
b) It
helps listener to understand more than the words.
c) It
helps listener to realize the actual scene behind words.
d) It
helps listener to hear what remains unspoken.
iii. Comprehensive
listening
Unlike
discriminative listening, Comprehensive listening requires basic language
skills and vocabulary to understand what is being communicated through a
speaker’s words. This type of listening is usually developed in early childhood
and goes on life long. People use comprehensive listening to understand the
meaning of the used words. It is the overall category that covers most other
forms of listening that critical listeners utilize.
Advantages of
comprehensive listening
a) Several
other types of listening build on comprehensive listening.
b) To
find the exact meaning of the message.
c) To
analyze and understand complex calculations, technical as well as scientific
articles.
d) It
is used to receive feedback.
e) Paralanguage
may cheat but words donot.
iv. Sympathetic
listening
Sympathetic
listening is driven by emotion. Instead of focusing on the message spoken
through words, the listener focuses on the feelings and emotions of the
speaker.
Advantages of
Sympathetic listening
a) To
provide support and sympathize with the situation of the speaker.
b) To
understand how they are feeling.
c) To
win trust and confidence of speaker.
d) To
build a deeper relationship with the speaker.
e) To
remove stress and frustration at home and at workplace.
v. Empathetic
or Therapeutic listening
Empathetic
listening is helpful to see a problem from other people’s perspectives.Using
this type of listening, you can try to understand someone else’s point of view
as they’re speaking. You can also try to imagine yourself in the other person’s
shoes. Instead of just focusing on their message, you can use empathetic
listening to relate to someone else’s experiences as if they were your own.
This is different from sympathetic listening.
Advantages of
Empathetic listening
a) It
helps you to tackle with the problem.
b) It
helps the listener to avoid unnecessary guess.
c) It
helps to focus on the real intention of the speaker rather than doubting.
d) It
helps to lead an unbiased professional and personal life.
vi. Critical
Listening
If you need to
analyze complex information, you’ll need to use critical listening. It goes
deeper than comprehensive listening. Instead of taking the information at face
value, listener can use critical listening to evaluate what’s being said.
Listener needs to look at the bigger picture and compare everything
he knows.
Advantages of
Critical Listening
a) Critical
listening is crucial when problem-solving at work.
b) It
helps to choose how to handle an unusual and complex client request.
c) It
helps to analyze solutions offered by other people and decide if you agree or
not.
vii. Biased
listening/Selective Listening
Biased listening
is also known as selective listening. Someone who uses biased listening will
only listen for information that they specifically want to hear. This listening
process can lead to a distortion of facts. That’s because the person listening
isn’t fully in tune with what the speaker wishes to communicate.
Disadvantages
of Biased Listening
a) It
interrupts the communication cycle.
b) It
does not help in future conversation.
c) Only
selective information is passed.
viii. Appreciative
Listening
Listening for
enjoyment is called appreciative listening. We do appreciative listening to
enjoy music, hymns worship, a motivational speech, standup comedy etc. The
choice of the listener varies from person to person.
Advantages of
Appreciative listening
a) It
is used to enjoy the favourite things.
b) It
is used to reduce stress and tension.
c) It
is used for self-pleasure.
d) It
may bring positive results.
ix. Active
Listening
Active listening
as the name suggests is very attentive listening. Listener carefully listens
the speaker and respond accordingly to lead the conversation further.
Active Listening
involves full attention to the speaker, showing interest through expressions,
body language and asking questions at timely intervals, to make a good
conversation.
Advantages of
Active Listening
a) It
gives a positive environment for communication.
b) It
helps to continue conversation.
c) It
enhances speaker to open his feelings and share his thoughts.
d) It
creates a good rapport between speaker and listener.
x. Passive
Listener
Passive Listening
means listening to the speaker during the communication in an unconscious
manner. Listener sits quietly without responding to the speaker. It is silent
and patient listening, wherein the listener neither interrupts nor participates
in the conversation.
Disadvantages
of Passive Listener
a) The
message is not absorbed by the listeners; hence communication is ineffective.
b) Listener
cannot recall communication in future.
xi. Intuitive Listening
Intuitive
listening means the ability to read between the lines, to pick up on the
unspoken clues that hint at a larger story behind the words. It is the
combination of conscious, unconscious and spirit-generated responses to what we
hear.
Advantages of
Intuitive Listening
a) Listeners
can make better decisions,
b) it
is used to build stronger relationships.
c) It
is used to resolve problems more quickly.
xii. False listening:
false listening is
the process in which listener appears to be listening but not actually involved
in the listening process, interpretation & understanding the message. They
make the speaker believe that they are listening. They also exhibit eagerness
and intense look and try to put periodic comment or a question, which is the
usual technique.
GUIDELINES TO
EFFECTIVE LISTENING:
a) Listen
patiently to what the speaker has to say even though believe it to be wrong or
irrelevant.
b) Indicate
simple acceptance by nodding your head or perhaps interjecting an occasional
“um-um” or “I see”.
c) Give
attention carefully while listening and try to understand the feeling of
speaker as expressing intellectual contents.
d) Try
to restate the feeling briefly & accurately and encourage the speaker to
continue talking.
e) Keep
your tone neutral while making summary response and don‟t try to lead the speaker to
your pet conclusions.
f) Allow
time for discussion to continue speech without interruption and try to separate
the conversation from mere official communication of your plans.
g) Avoid
direct questions and arguments about facts and refrain from saying like „prove
it‟, „hold on a minute‟ or „let‟s look at the facts‟. You may want to review the
evidence later because you may irrelevant and speaker may feels bad or may
discouraged.
h) When
you want to know more about the point, the speaker does touch upon, simply
repeat statement as a question.
i) Try
to listen “between the lines”, because speaker does not always put everything
in to words even it is important. Speakers‟ changing tone & volume of voice may have a meaning.
So listener should listen attentively and concentrate on speakers‟ facial expressions, gestures
and body movement.
j) To
achieve the better results, listener should give more emphasis to listening and
less emphasis on explaining the facts.
Short answer
questions-
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