ODE

                                         समझने के लिये वीडियो जरूर देखें

 

Definition

It is a form of lyrical poem and originated in ancient Greece.

The word ‘ode’ is taken from Greek word ‘aeidein’, which means ‘to sing’ or ‘to chant’

The Latin poet Pindar invented this form of Ode.It is generally used to celebrate victory; (often used to praise a leader or a work of art.)

It was sung by chorus in dramas during renaissance.

Qualities/features

It in ceremonial and formal in tone.

Odes were originally accompanied by music; lyrical in nature, but not very lengthy. 

Use of rich descriptive language

Today various styles have been adopted and various forms have been evolved in this category.

It has calm, elegant style.

Plenty of adjectives and verbs are used in it.

Repetition is a common element in odes.

Personification is also a used.

No set/fixed rhyming scheme is there.

TYPES OF ODE

Odes are of three types-

1.      Pindaric Ode

Pindaric odes were invnted by Greek poet Pindar (517-438 BCE)

It has three stanzas.

Two stanzas have same structure but the last stanza is written differently. For example- “the progress of poesy” by thomas gray

           Structure of Pindaric ode

                 i.          The strophe: In a Greek ode, it is the first section usually consists of two or more lines repeated as a unit.

                ii.          The antistrophe: This is the second section of Pindaric ode. This section of an ode is structured  like the first section.

               iii.          The epode: This section or stanza typically has a distinct meter and length from the strophe and antistrophe, and serves to summarize or conclude the ideas of the ode.

           Examples of Pindaric ode

                 i.          ‘The Bard’, ‘The Progress of Poesy’ and - by Thomas Grey

                ii.          ‘Ode to Fear- by Collins.

2.      Horatian Ode

                 i.          Raman poet Horace (65-8 BC)

                ii.          These poems are short and made up of around two quatrains.

               iii.          More than one stanza

               iv.          Same rhymic structure and meter

                v.          “ode to the confederate dead” by allen tate.​ 

          Examples of Horatian Ode

               i.          ‘Heroic Stanzas On The Death Of Cromwell’ and ‘ode on Solitude’- bt Dryden

             ii.           ‘Ode to Simplicity’ – by Collins

3.      Irregular (Cowleyan) Ode

               i.          It is invented by poet Abraham Cowley

             ii.           It does No pattern is followed

            iii.           There is no formal rhyme scheme in this kind of ode

            iv.           The poet takes the freedom to experiment with their verse.

              v.          “ode to an earthquake” by Ram Mehta.

            vi.           Examples of irregular ode

           vii.           Ode to the West Wind’- by Percy Bysshe Shelley

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ODE AND LYRIC

S.No.	ODE	LYRIC
1. 2. 3. 4.	Longer than lyric. It is based on abstract reality. Ode is written in impersonal manner. Ode is written after well planning and well thought.	Lyric is shorter than ode Lyric is full of moods and emotions. Lyric is personal is manner. Lyric is spontaneous.