SUBJECT-FORMS AND TYPES
Content :
1.
Subject
2.
Forms of subject
3.
Types of subject
a.
Simple subject
b.
Complete subject
c.
Compound subject
d.
Fake/dummy
subject
e.
Empty
f.
null/implied/zero
subject
4.
subject verb
agreement
5.
subject in
passive sentences
6.
exercises
1. SUBJECT
A subject is an
important part of a sentence that
i. Either is described
ii. Or act
The subject is the
person or thing that a sentence or clause is about. The subject
performs an action. But, sometimes, when there is no action in the given
sentence then the subject is also whom or what a state or event
refers to.
Examples-
i. Madan is a very nice person. (description)
ii. This rose is pink. (description)
iii. Rohan cooks his food by himself. (action)
iv. Yatin played cricket. in Delhi. (action)
EXAMPLES- In
the following sentences, Subject performs an action.
i. Everyone likes fast food.
ii. She believes in hard work.
iii. Vinod climbed the tree.
iv. Subhash is riding a bicycle.
v. Players run in the morning.
vi. Many people came to the party.
EXAMPLES- In
the following sentences, the subject is described.
i. My mother seems happy today.
ii. Meena feels tired due to weakness.
iii. Rajnigandha smells sweet.
iv. These songs are from my new collection.
Remember:
1. Other than ‘subject’ rest of the part in a sentence is called ‘predicate’ which includes verb also.
2. We must know that in most of the cases the subject is written before the verb.
i. The girls in the park are playing a game.
ii. people are demanding for good facilities.
iii. Vivek is not making noise.
iv. I have completed my Homework.
v. You have been sleeping since 1:30 pm.
vi. She had ordered for Food.
vii. Jaya will go to the mall for shopping.
3. In interrogative sentence and in case of the 'false subject'; subject is written after the verb.
viii. Are you playing football?
ix. What did your mother cook yesterday?
x. Were you there?
xi. Here is a new plant in the garden.
xii. It is your turn.
xiii. Is the cat in the hat?
xiv. What have you done?
xv. Where are we going?
2. VARIOUS FORMS OF SUBJECT
A subject
may take any of the various grammatical forms.
S.No.
Forms of Subject
Examples
1
Noun
Meena was going to market.
This is a flower
2
Noun clause
What I want is your cooperation.
3
Noun phrases
My elder brother called everybody at party.
This dancing doll is very costly.
4
Pronoun
She is not here.
They are planning to visit Delhi.
Who is standing there?
5
Verb (gerund)
Smoking is injurious to health.
6
Verb (gerund phrase)
Singing songs in a Mega-Show is my dream.
7
Verb (infinitive)
To shout is your habit.
8
Verb (infinitive phrase)
To go out in rain is risky.
9
Prepositional phrase
Inside the store is dark and dump.
3. TYPES OF SUBJECTS
a.
Simple subject:
one word
b.
Complete subject: one
main word with other associated words
c.
Compound subject:
two or more main words with conjunction/s
d.
Fake/ dummy subject
‘this/that/it/these/those/here/there’ that refers to actual subject.
e.
Empty subject ‘it’
that introduces an incident/situation/fact etc.
f.
Null/emptied/zero not
mentioned in the sentence but understood.
a.
Simple
A simple
subject is the single keyword or phrase that the sentence is
about.
EXAMPLES
i. My new neighbor is an American
citizen.
ii. Disha,
my best friend, will leave for Kanpur.
iii. The man who was standing there
is the owner of this shop.
iv. This car that I bought last
year, has broken down.
v. The road where I was standing
was national highway 44.
b. complete subjects:
A complete subject
is the combination of 'a simple subject and any words' that modify or
describe it.
EXAMPLES
i. My new neighbor is an American citizen.
ii. Disha, my best friend, will leave for Kanpur.
iii. The man who was standing there is the owner of this shop.
iv. This the car that I bought last year has broken down.
v. The road where I was standing was national highway 44.
c. Compound subject
In a compound
subject, two or more subjects are joined using conjunction.
All these subjects together form a single subject and share the same verb.
EXAMPLES
i. Harshit and Tanu are siblings.
ii. I and my
friends are going to
Thailand.
iii. Our Mathematics Teacher and the students from CCS University are attending seminar.
iv. Anita or his
cousins can help you.
v. Neither my car nor his
motorcycle runs anymore.
vi. The cats and the
dog are going to the
vet today.
vii. Either the cats or the
dog is going to the vet
today.
viii. Neither the scientists nor the engineer knows how
to fix this.
Method to find a simple subject out of a complete subject-
first of all, select a verb and then find complete subject.
Remember - verb always agrees to the simple subject, not with the associated words.
EXAMPLE-
i. My new neighbor is an American citizen.
Verb = is
Complete Subject= my new neighbour
Out of these three words ‘my/ new/ neighbour’; we find three combinations
- my is
- new is
- neighbour is
here verb 'is' agrees to subject ‘Neighbour’ hence 'neighbour' is a simple subject.
d. Fake subject
The subject which
refers to a real subject. It is also called the dummy subject. Fake
subjects indicate or demonstrate a person, or a thing or a situation or place
etc.
EXAMPLES
i. There are many
trees in this small garden. (‘there’ refers to ‘trees’)
ii. This is
a small shop of bicycles.
iii. There is
an old temple in this village.
iv. It is
now believed that it rains on Janamashtmi. (‘it’ refers to ‘that it rains
on Janamashtmi’)
v. It is
said that he is workaholic.
The
pronouns it and there act
as fake subjects in sentences.
e. Empty subject
In some sentences
when we introduce a situation or a fact then we use ‘it’. In these sentences
‘it’ acts as an empty subject in references to time, weather, and
distance.
EXAMPLES
i. It’s raining heavily.
ii. It’s 3:00 pm already!
iii. It’s two miles from here.
iv. It’s good to see you.
v. It’s getting dark.
f. Null/implied subject
The sentences like
imperative sentences, subject is not explicitly stated but is understood from
context. Such hidden subjects are also called the null/implies/zero subject.
Other than imperative sentences it is used in minor sentences in informal
usage.
EXAMPLES
i. (You) open the box.
ii. (You) please give me your pen.
iii. Amita - who is there in the office
Ayush – (I)don’t know.
‘you’ and ‘I’ is not written but it is understood.
4. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Subject is the
base of a sentence and verb should match to the number, and person of a
subject. This means that the verb must agree to the subject i.e. whether
subject is singular or plural,
or in the first, second, or third person.
SINGULAR SUBJECT
SINGULAR VERBS
She
Is
Was
Has
I form of verb + s/es
He
Is
Was
Has
I form of verb + s/es
It
Is
Was
Has
I form of verb + s/es
This
Is
Was
Has
I form of verb + s/es
That
Is
Was
Has
I form of verb + s/es
I
Am
Was
------
---------------------------------------
PLURAL SUBJECT
PLURAL VERBS
I
----
-------
have
I form of verb
We
Are
Were
have
I form of verb
You
Are
Were
have
I form of verb
They
Are
Were
have
I form of verb
These
Are
Were
have
I form of verb
Those
Are
Were
have
I form of verb
SINGULAR AND PLURAL SUBJECT
COMMON VERBS
I, we, you, he, she, they, it, this, that, these, those.
Had, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to.
EXAMPLES
i. I want/wants to
travel ship.
ii. Each of my colleagues deserve/deserves a promotion.
iii. Check whether your father has/have an umbrella.
iv. Anita and Surbhi are/is fine.
v. The flowers smells/smell lovely.
vi. This surface feel/feels rough to the touch.
vii. My uncle wants/want to
travel the world.
viii. My parents want/wants to
visit Shi Temple.
ix. One of my students has/have won gold medal.
x. Your plan sounds/sound
good.
xi. This juice tastes/taste
bitter.
xii. My cousins has/have won the lottery.
xiii. You need
/needs rest.
xiv. The girl we met at the party is/are standing outside.
xv. That girl has/have
stolen my purse.
xvi. A girl we don’t know are/is at the door.
xvii. Some people prefers/prefer tea to coffee.
xviii. Someone with small children are/is at the door.
5. SUBJECT IN PASSIVE SENTENCES
i. The answer has
been checked by Anita.
ii. My wallet has
been stolen.
iii. My new jacket has been misplaced by my maid.
iv. Dushyant has
been beaten by PTI.
v. Newspaper has
been read.
vi. All the chocolates were being distributed in the function.
6.
EXERCISES
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