Thesis and Project Report Writing

 Thesis and Report

	Thesis	Report
Work Type	Thesis is a scholarly work focuses on academic knowledge.	Report is a practical and factual document focused on communicating information .
Purpose	It presents original research, analysis, & arguments to advance knowledge in academics.	It communicates information, findings, and recommendations on a specific topic or project.
Length & Depth	Thesis is lengthy and deep to provide a comprehensive and thorough investigation.	Report is generally more concise, focusing on the main points,
Structure	Thesis has a flexible structure that allows for the in-depth exploration of the research.	Generally, a repot has standardized structure to present the information impressively.
Originality	A thesis is expected to contain original research and contribution to the field.	A report may summarize and synthesize existing information.
Audience	Thesis is aimed at an academic audience, such as professors and peers in the field.	A report is typically written for a specific audience, such as managers or clients
Area	Used in academic field	Used in administartion, business, corporates, etc.

Thesis

·       In modern English the word " thesis" has come from different route like from

ü  The Greek root τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi) and (θέσις)

ü  Latin word’’ thesis

ü  Late middle English‘Thesis’

·        Thesis means ‘something to put forth’.

·       It is a lengthy, detailed analysis on a particular topic for the purpose of original research.

·       Its main aim is to investigate new dimensions on a particular problem.

·       It is generally used in academic field.

Importance of thesis –

1.     It helps to form argumentative analysis and discussion on a problem.

2.     It serves as a roadmap for readers, providing clarity about the topic and author’s point of view.

3.     It improvesvarious soft skills like- logical thinking, analytical power, critical thinking, creativity and innovation.

4.     It also enhances the writing skills.

How to write thesis(Structure of thesis)-

Starting a thesis can be daunting. There are so many questions in the beginning-

1.     How do you actually start your thesis?

2.     How do you structure it?

3.     What information should the individual chapters contain?

Each educational program has different demands. Depending on the demand of your program you have to decide and take the further steps.

Structure of thesis

Parts	Function	components
Front part	Frames the thesis work	1.     Title page- title, author, supervisor, place, date, etc. 2.     Declaration - if any thing to declare to the reader 3.     Certificate - if any certificate received during thesis   4.     Acknowledgement- name of all the creditors who assist you. 5.     Abstract- research poblems, methodology, key result, conclusion 6.     Table of content- Heading and subheading with pagenumber 7.     List of figures-figure numbers,titles and  page numbers.   8.     list of tables-table number, titles, and page numbers
Main Body	Includes, introduction, narrative, and analysis	1.     Intoduction- purpose of investigation, problem being investigated, Literature review/backgroud (citing previous work) 2.     Theory-Theory of your experiments, research, calculation. 3.     List of figures - details of any material used for thesis. 4.     Apparatus- name und purpose of using any apparatus. 5.     Procesure- Deatail of research including illustrations. 6.     Result- result must be presented with enough supportive material like tables, graphs, etc.
End Matter	Gives referential material	1.     Appendixes- any addition documents or pages. 2.     Bibliography- Alphabetical list of work referred. 3.     Glossary-alphabetical list of difficult words with their meaning.

Front Part

1.     Title page- This is an introductory page of any thesis.

This page introduces the reader about the title, author, supervisor, time, place and, etc.

2.     Declaration - If any thing to declare to the reader. This is for general announcement or any other information that author wants to give in advance to the reader.

3.     Certificate – Here, author mention the certificates he received from authorities required for the conduction of reasearc or any other certificate received during thesis. 

4.     Acknowledgement- This section shows the humbleness of author. He thanks to all who helped him in any way. It may one or more pages to name of all the creditors who assist the author.

5.     Abstract- The abstract is the overview of a thesis and it is generally very short. Research poblems, methodology, key result, and conclusion are included in it.

This section should highlight the main content of the  thesis at a glance so that someone who is curious about your work can get the idea quickly.

6.     Table of content- Heading and subheading with page number.

7.     List of figures-Figure numbers, titles and  page numbers are mentioned in this section. 

8.     List of tables-Table numbers, titles, and page numbers are mentioned in this section.

Main Body

1.     Intoduction- The introduction of a thesis gives an overview of its basics or main points. It should answer the following questions-

ü  Purpose of investigation, (objectives)

ü  How is the topic being studied ?(Methodology)

ü  What is being studied?(Content)

a.     Purpose- Problem being investigated,

b.     Literature review/backgroud (citing previous work)-

A literature review is often a part of the introduction, but it can be a separate section. It is an evaluation of previous research on the topic, showing that there are gaps that your research will attempt to fill.

c.     Methodology- The methodology chapter outlines-

·       Which methods you choose to gather data?

·       How the data is analyzed?

·       Justification of choosing that methodology.

Thus, methodology section shows how your choice of design and research methods is suited to answer your research questions

9.     Theory-Theory of experiments, research, calculation is written here.

10.  List of figures - Details of figures, if, is mentioned in this section.

11.  Apparatus- Name und purpose of using any apparatus.

12.  Procesure- Detail of research conduction of research including illustrations.

13.  Result- result must be presented with enough supportive material like tables, graphs, etc

The result chapter outlines what you found out in relation to your research questions or hypothesis. Clearly visualize your results using tables and graphs.

14.  Conclusion: Here author highlights research objectives that have been achieved. Author  can also reiterate any limitations to his study and make suggestions for future research. In conclusions, following points should be checked:-

·       Thesis should be tied up nicely in the conclusion and show clearly-

ü   What you did ?.

ü  What results you got….

ü  And what you learned…

End Matter

1.     Appendixes- any addition documents or pages.

2.     Bibliography- Alphabetical list of work referred.

3.     Glossary-alphabetical list of difficult words with their meaning.

4.     References- The details of any quote or line of reference that are used in thesis.

Project Report

1.     A project is a set of tasks that must be completed within a defined timeline to accomplish a specific set of goals. 

2.     The word “Report” is derived from the Latin word of “reportare” which means carry back.

3.     Hence, a project report is a detailed factual description of the project that has been completed with a specific objective.

4.     It is a document ,which provides details on the overall picture of the proposed task.

5.     It contains data/information, on the basis of which the project has been appraised and found feasible

Types of projects

1.     Business Project

2.     Technical Project

3.     Social Project

Need of project report

1.     A project report helps to get the funds/grants sanctioned for the proposed work.

2.     A project report also provides insight about the importance of the work done by the project manager.

Structure of Project Report

1.     Cover page

2.     Title page

3.     Author/s

4.     Abstract

5.     Introduction

6.     Main Content

7.     Conclusion

8.     References

9.     Appendices

Tips for writing a thesis or project report

Thesis or the project report is expected to provide the reader with the important aspects of

your work from the start (introduction) to the finish (conclusion).

1.     Topic must be very much clear to the writer or to the readers.

2.     It must answer why the work is better than the existing one.

3.     It must be build around the central theme.

4.     ‘7 Cs’ of writing (clarity, completeness, correctness, conciseness, coherence, courtesy and consideration) must be followed.

5.     It must show its contribution towards the research community.

6.     It must have explanation to every relted question.

7.     It must relate the finding to the future benefits.

8.     Don’t overdo significant figures.

9.     Avoid the use of contractions and possessives and jargon.

10.  Use jargon only when your audience will understand it and a simple substitution doesn’t exist.

11.  The important thing is to communicate effectively.

12.  It must be proofread many times before submission.